Topics
- Anti-satellite weapons — 7 incidents. Sixty years of nations building, testing and threatening kinetic and non-kinetic ways to destroy each other's satellites.
- GPS jamming and spoofing — 11 incidents. When the navigation signal that holds modern logistics together is denied, degraded or faked.
- Imagery denial — 8 incidents. Cases where commercial satellite imagery was withheld, downsampled or restricted at a government's request.
- Space debris and collisions — 6 incidents. Reentries, fragmentations and on-orbit collisions that turned the long-term commons problem into a short-term operational one.
- Launch and export controls — 21 incidents. MTCR, COCOM, ITAR and the long history of denying nations the technology to put things in orbit on their own terms.
- The commercial space turn — 6 incidents. The legislative and policy moments that made commercial launch and Earth observation legally possible.
- Satellite internet and power — 4 incidents. Starlink, OneWeb and the moment broadband from orbit became a strategic asset rather than a niche service.
- Treaties and policy milestones — 7 incidents. The international agreements — and the agreements that never happened — that shape what nations can do above the Karman line.
- Launch failures and groundings — 7 incidents. Disasters that took entire national launch programmes offline — and reminded the world how thin the launch market really is.