Applications
- 14.8.1 Propellant Depots — Sovereign on-orbit propellant storage nodes that extend the operational life of national satellites and reduce dependence on foreign launch cadence.
- 14.8.2 In-Space Refuelling Vehicles — Autonomous spacecraft that rendezvous with, dock to, and transfer propellant into client satellites, extending their operational lives by years.
- 14.8.3 Refuel-Compatible Bus Standards — Defining and adopting open, sovereign-controlled spacecraft bus standards that make every future national satellite refuelable in orbit by design.
- 14.8.4 Cryo Storage in Orbit — Maintaining cryogenic propellants — liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid methane — in a stable, low-boil-off state aboard orbital depots to enable sustained in-space refuelling operations.
- 14.8.5 Refueling Architecture Trials — End-to-end orbital refueling demonstrations that validate propellant transfer, docking interfaces, and depot-to-client handshake protocols under real spaceflight conditions.